In June 1917, the United States was raising, training and equipping an army to go to Europe “to make the world safe for democracy.” At the same time, at home it was facing one of the greatest upheavals since the Civil War. The crisis was led by two women, the anarchist Russian immigrant Emma Goldman and Alice Paul, the New Jersey Quaker suffragist.

Paul had organized the first picketing of the White House in January 1917, trying to force President and former New Jersey Gov.