In February, Liberated Brands, the licensee of Billabong, Quiksilver, Roxy, RVCA and Volcom, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, triggering liquidation sales, layoffs and closures across all brick-and-mortar stores in the U.S.

This crisis only continues major surf brands’ struggles to remain profitable. Commercial expansion has resulted in consolidation, reduced competition, buyouts and bankruptcies.